Dynamics of Internal Attention and Internally-Directed Cognition: The Attention-to-Thoughts (A2T) Model

The propensity to focus attention inwards is fundamental human mental life and internally-directed cognition (IDC) [e.g., mindwandering, (mal)adaptive self-reflection]. Yet, understanding of the mechanisms through which internal shapes IDC limited. We argue that systemic complexity dynamics how interacts with other cognitive processes can significantly facilitate our capacity predict model IDC. We, therefore, introduce Attention-to-Thoughts model—a dynamic systems theory computational in Through we aim to, first, conceptually computationally define momentary states this system; second, simulate differential temporal trajectories system emerges. experimental simulations, explore may be used better understand selection expressed from moment-to-moment; unfolds by documenting how, as a function contextual demands for focused attention, attentional iteratively transacts working-memory emotion; and, turn, maladaptive (e.g., repetitive negative thinking, dyscontrol) emerges attention. Finally, highlight key conceptual, computational, methodological directions study IDC, related phenomena mindfulness).